Property claims glossary
What is a proof of loss?
A proof of loss is a signed, sworn statement from the insured setting out the amount claimed and the facts behind it, such as the date, cause and value of the loss. Many policies require it within a set period after the carrier asks for it, and a late or incomplete proof can delay payment or become a point of dispute.
Worked example · fictitious claim
After a kitchen fire, the family submits a proof of loss claiming $48,000: $35,000 for the dwelling and $13,000 for contents. The carrier agrees with the dwelling figure and supports $10,000 for contents, so the undisputed amount is $35,000 + $10,000 = $45,000. The remaining $3,000 is what stays in dispute.
How it affects a settlement
The proof of loss fixes the amount the insured is claiming, and in many states its receipt starts the carrier's deadline to accept or deny the claim. Undisputed amounts are commonly paid while the rest is worked out, and some states require it.
In practice
A sworn statement from the policyholder setting out the amount claimed and the supporting facts. Policies typically set a deadline for it, and disputes over its completeness are a common source of friction and litigation in property claims.
Related
Statement of loss · Prompt-pay laws · AI claims audit trail · property claims glossary